South Africa boasts a remarkable array of engineering marvels, among which its dams stand tall as symbols of human ingenuity and resource management.
These structures not only harness water resources but also serve as lifelines for agriculture, industry, and communities across the nation.
In this guide, we unveil the crown jewels of South Africa’s hydrological infrastructure, presenting a comprehensive overview of the country’s largest dams.
Whether you’re a traveler seeking awe-inspiring sights or a researcher delving into water management strategies, our curated list will provide invaluable insights.
Biggest Dam in South Africa
The largest dam in South Africa is the Gariep Dam, with a capacity of 5,340,000 megalitres. Constructed in 1965 and opened in 1971, Gariep Dam spans 88 meters in height and 914 meters in length, covering a surface area of 353 million square meters.
1. Gariep Dam
Gariep Dam, situated between the Free State and Eastern Cape provinces, stands as South Africa’s largest water reservoir.
With a capacity of 5,340,000 megalitres, it provides crucial water supply and hydroelectric power generation to major cities.
Built in 1965 and opened in 1971, the dam spans 88 meters in height and 914 meters in length, covering a surface area of 353 million square meters.
Offering various recreational activities like 4×4 trails, boating, and fishing, Gariep Dam serves as a vital resource for both locals and tourists, ensuring sustainable water management and leisure opportunities.
2. Heyshope Dam
Located in Mpumalanga along the Assegaai River, Heyshope Dam boasts a capacity of 4,534,400 megalitres.
Opened in 1986, this reservoir stands 28.5 meters tall and stretches over 1030 meters in length, with a surface area of 5,023.8 hectares.
Serving primarily for water supply and irrigation, Heyshope Dam supports agricultural activities and provides a serene environment for fishing, particularly for largemouth bass, carp, and yellowfish.
Its strategic location contributes significantly to the region’s water security and economic development.
3. Vanderkloof Dam
Vanderkloof Dam, the second-largest dam in South Africa, holds a capacity of 3,187,557 megalitres.
Constructed in 1973 and opened in 1977, it spans 108 meters in height and 766 meters in length, covering a vast area of 133.43 square kilometers.
Situated approximately 130 kilometers from the Gariep Dam, Vanderkloof serves as a crucial water reservoir and energy producer, generating up to 360MW of power.
Moreover, it offers excellent fishing opportunities, attracting enthusiasts with its abundant yellowfish, catfish, carp, and mudfish populations.
4. Sterkfontein Dam
Sterkfontein Dam, located near Harrismith in the Free State, serves as a unique water reservoir along a stream.
With a capacity of 2,616,000 megalitres, it was redirected from the Tugela River in response to water shortages in Johannesburg during the 1960s and 1970s.
Standing 93 meters tall, the dam covers an area of 69.37 square kilometers and plays a critical role in water supply and irrigation.
Its internal reservoir, Driekloof Dam, adds to its water storage capacity, ensuring a reliable source for agricultural and domestic needs.
5. Vaal Dam
Constructed along the Vaal River, the Vaal Dam ranks among South Africa’s top five largest dams, with a capacity of 2,613,500 megalitres.
Serving as a significant water source for various purposes, including agriculture, industry, and recreation, it covers a shoreline stretching over 800 kilometers and occupies a surface area of 322 square kilometers.
Fed by multiple rivers and supplemented by other dams during low water periods, the Vaal Dam ensures water security for surrounding regions while offering ample opportunities for water sports, fishing, and leisure activities.
6. Pongolapoort / Lake Jozini
Pongolapoort, also known as Lake Jozini, was primarily built for irrigation purposes along the Phongolo River.
With a capacity of 2,445,900 megalitres, this reservoir serves as a vital water source for agricultural activities in the region.
However, concerns about water pollution from pesticides pose challenges to its ecosystem and wildlife.
Spanning over 7814 square kilometers, Lake Jozini attracts tourists with its diverse bird species and wildlife, including elephants, rhinos, giraffes, hippos, and zebras.
7. Bloemhof Dam
Situated in the Free State, Bloemhof Dam holds a capacity of 1,269,000 megalitres, providing essential water supply and recreational opportunities.
Fed by the Vall and Vet rivers, this reservoir covers an area of 2226 hectares and stands 33 meters tall, offering ideal conditions for fishing, picnicking, and birdwatching.
Its former name, Oppermansdrif, reflects its historical significance and role in regional development.
Today, Bloemhof Dam remains a popular destination for both locals and tourists, contributing to the socio-economic growth of the Free State province.
8. Theewaterskloof Dam
Theewaterskloof Dam, located near Villiersdorp in the Western Cape, serves as a crucial water supplier for Cape Town, with a capacity of 480,000 megalitres.
Covering a surface area of 5,059 hectares, this reservoir supports various recreational activities, including golfing, hiking, water sports, and fishing.
Its annual Synergy Live Music Festival attracts visitors from across the country, contributing to the local economy and cultural vibrancy.
9. Greater Brandvlei Dam
Formed by combining Brandvlei and Kwaggaskloof reservoirs, Greater Brandvlei Dam stands as a vital water source for irrigation and domestic use.
With a capacity of 459,000 megalitres, it spans a surface area of 4110 hectares, providing essential support to agricultural activities in the region.
The dam’s construction in 1989 reflects the strategic importance of water infrastructure in enhancing food security and economic development.
10. Dee Hoop Dam
Dee Hoop Dam, situated in Limpopo, serves as a reliable water source for over 800,000 people in the Nebo plateau.
With a capacity of 374,600 megalitres, this gravity dam plays a crucial role in supporting mining activities and domestic use in the region.
Constructed on the Steelpoort River near Burgersfort, Dee Hoop Dam ensures water security and contributes to local socio-economic development.
11. Woodstock Dam
Woodstock Dam, situated in the upper reaches of the Tugela River in KwaZulu-Natal, serves as a vital water reservoir with a capacity of 373,260 megalitres.
Spanning 865 meters in length and standing 54 meters tall, this dam contributes significantly to water supply and irrigation in the region.
Its strategic location and reliable water levels make it an ideal destination for recreational activities like fishing, camping, and boating.
With its rich history and natural beauty, Woodstock Dam attracts visitors seeking outdoor adventures and peaceful retreats, supporting tourism and local economies in KwaZulu-Natal.
12. Loskop Dam
Loskop Dam, located along the Olifants River in Mpumalanga, serves multiple purposes, including irrigation, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation.
With a capacity of 362,000 megalitres, this reservoir plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural activities and local communities’ livelihoods.
Constructed in 1939, Loskop Dam boasts a diverse ecosystem and abundant wildlife, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and anglers.
13. Grootdraai Dam
Grootdraai Dam, situated along the Vaal River, serves as a key water source for various industrial and domestic purposes.
With a capacity of 350,000 megalitres, this reservoir contributes significantly to water supply reliability and economic development in the region.
Constructed in 1981, Grootdraai Dam offers ideal conditions for recreational activities like windsurfing, attracting tourists and outdoor enthusiasts.
14. Brandvlei Dam
Brandvlei Dam, located in the Free State province, serves as a vital water reservoir for irrigation, domestic use, and recreation.
With a capacity of 303,800 megalitres, this dam plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural activities and water supply reliability in the region.
Combined with the adjacent Kwaggaskloof Dam, Brandvlei Dam forms a single reservoir, enhancing water storage capacity and resilience to droughts.
15. Goedertrouw Dam
Goedertrouw Dam, situated on the Mhlathuze River in KwaZulu-Natal, serves as a primary water source for industrial activities in Richards Bay.
With a capacity of 301,000 megalitres, this earth-filled reservoir plays a crucial role in supporting economic development and water supply reliability in the region.
Constructed in 1980 and opened two years later, Goedertrouw Dam offers ideal conditions for bass fishing and water sports, attracting tourists and outdoor enthusiasts.
16. Albert Falls Dam
Albert Falls Dam, located on the Umgeni River in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal Province, serves as a crucial water reservoir with a capacity of 290,100 megalitres.
Constructed in 1976, this reservoir plays a vital role in water supply, irrigation, and recreation in the region.
Its strategic location and reliable water levels make it an ideal destination for camping and outdoor activities, attracting visitors from near and far.
17. Spioenkop Dam
Spioenkop Dam, situated on the Tugela River in the KwaZulu-Natal province, serves as a popular destination for water sports and recreation.
With a capacity of 272,265 megalitres, this reservoir offers breathtaking views and opportunities for outdoor adventures.
Its strategic location near Winterton and Ladysmith makes it easily accessible to visitors seeking leisure and relaxation.
18. Kalkfontein Dam
Kalkfontein Dam, located near Kalkfontein in the Free State, serves as a vital water source for irrigation and domestic use in the region.
With a capacity of 258,274 megalitres, this reservoir plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural activities and ensuring water supply reliability.
Constructed in 1983, Kalkfontein Dam offers ideal conditions for camping, fishing, and outdoor recreation, attracting visitors seeking nature experiences.
19. Mthatha Dam
Mthatha Dam, situated on the Mthatha River in the Eastern Cape province, serves as a vital water source for commercial and domestic use.
With a capacity of 253,674 megalitres, this reservoir plays a crucial role in supporting local communities’ livelihoods and economic activities.
Its strategic location and ample water resources make it an ideal destination for recreational activities and tourism.
20. Kruismansrivier Dam
Kruismansrivier Dam, located along the Kruis River in the Western Cape, serves primarily for irrigation purposes.
With a capacity of 1,500 megalitres, this reservoir plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural activities and ensuring water supply reliability in the region.
Constructed in 1992, Kruismansrivier Dam offers consistent water levels, making it suitable for water sports and recreational activities.